Words

A connective ending used when the following statement is almost the same to the preceding statement.

A connective ending used when the following statement is almost the same to the preceding statement.

A connective ending used when repeating a part of words that expresses state and emphasizing its meaning.

(formal, highly addressee-lowering) A sentence-final ending used when asking about what the listener experienced in the past.

A suffix used to mean "to belittle that person."

A suffix used to mean "to belittle that person."

A suffix used to mean a person with negative characteristics.

A suffix used to mean an emphasis.

A connective ending used for a reason or cause.

A connective ending used when the contents of the preceding phrase and the following phrase contrast each other.

(formal, highly addressee-lowering)(old-fashioned) A sentence-final ending used when explaining a certain fact.

(formal, highly addressee-lowering) A sentence-final ending used when demanding a certain act of readers or listeners who are not mentioned in detail, in newspapers, books, etc.

(formal, highly addressee-lowering) A sentence-final ending used to indicate a statement as a command.

A connective ending used when implying the purpose or intention of a certain action, or the reason or cause of a certain situation.

A connective ending used to indicate that the preceding sentence is a quotation from a proverb.

A connective ending used when expressing the purpose or intention of a certain act.

(informal addressee-lowering) A sentence-final ending used to emphatically state the speaker's thoughts or argument to the listener.

(informal addressee-lowering) A sentence-final ending used to ask again about a fact that one heard and confirm it.

(informal addressee-lowering) A sentence-final ending used to say something in such a way that one confirms and realizes that a certain fact is different from one's prediction.

A sentence-final ending used to convey someone's remark, and imply that the speaker has a slight doubt or no interest in it.

A sentence-final ending used to convey someone's remark, and imply that it is displeasing or annoying.

A sentence-final ending used to say something without certainty and in an indifferent attitude.

(formal, moderately addressee-lowering) A sentence-final ending used when the speaker says something that he/she already knows in an objective manner and informs the listener of it.

A connective ending used when someone or something is said to be this or that.

A connective ending used when ordering someone to do this or that.

(informal addressee-lowering) A sentence-final ending used when asking again or admiring an unexpected fact in surprise.

(formal, highly addressee-lowering) A sentence-final ending used to express a question about a certain fact that is assumed to have been already given.

(informal addressee-lowering) A sentence-final ending used when the speaker emphasizes his/her remark while reconfirming what was said earlier.

(informal addressee-lowering) A sentence-final ending used when the speakers orders repeatedly while scolding someone mildly.