Words

(informal addressee-lowering) A sentence-final ending used to ask again or admire an unexpected fact in surprise.

(formal, moderately addressee-lowering) A sentence-final ending used to express a question about a certain fact that is assumed to be already given.

(informal addressee-lowering) A sentence-final ending used when the speaker emphasizes his/her remark while reconfirming what was said earlier.

A suffix used to mean "the extent to which it is quite clear."

A connective ending used when recognizing the truth of the preceding statement and adding something that is contrary or irrelevant to it.

(informal addressee-lowering) A sentence-final ending used to emphasize one's agreement or affirmation to the other person's question or statement.

A connective ending used when recognizing the truth of the preceding statement and adding something that is contrary or irrelevant to it.

(informal addressee-lowering) A sentence-final ending used when the speaker confirms and asks questions about a fact that he/she heard.

A connective ending used when assuming a certain fact or situation.

(informal addressee-lowering) A sentence-final ending used when the speaker confirms and asks questions about a fact that he/she heard.

A connective ending used to mean "as - ."

A connective ending used to mean "almost like - ."

(formal, moderately addressee-raising) A sentence-final ending used when the speaker says something that he/she already knows in an objective manner and conveys it to the listener.

(informal addressee-lowering) A sentence-final ending used when the speaker confirms and asks questions about a fact that he/she already knows.

A connective ending used when an action or state is stopped and changed to another action or state.

A connective ending used to imply that a negative situation or unexpected result will happen if a preceding action or state continues.

A suffix used to mean a group.

(formal, highly addressee-lowering) A sentence-final ending used when the speaker talks about a fact that he/she already knows in an objective manner and conveys it to the listener.

(formal, highly addressee-lowering) A sentence-final ending used when asking oneself or complaining about a certain fact.

A suffix used to mean a story.

(formal, highly addressee-raising) A sentence-final ending used when asking questions about the affirmation or negation of a certain fact, supposing that it is already given.

(formal, highly addressee-raising) A sentence-final ending used when the speaker says something that he/she already knows in an objective manner and informs the listener of it.